[PDF] A textbook of Pharmacognosy PDF (C. K. Kokate)

Pharmacognosy the study of plants or other natural sources as a possible source of drugs. it is the study of the physical, chemical constituents, biochemical and biological properties, geographical sources of medicinal plants.

The word ‘pharmacognosy’ had its debut in the early 19th century to designate the discipline related to medicinal plants; it is derived from the Greek pharmakon, ‘a drug’, and gignosco, ‘to acquire a knowledge of’ and, as recorded by Dr K. Ganzinger (Sci. Pharm., 1982, 50, 351), the terms ‘pharmacognosy’ and ‘pharmacodynamics’ were probably first coined by Johann Adam Schmidt (1759-1809) in his hand-written manuscript Lehrbuch der Materia Medica, which was posthumously published in Vienna in 1811.

Schmidt was, until his death, professor at the medico-surgical Joseph Academy in Vienna; interestingly he was also Beethoven’s physician. Shortly after the above publication, pharmacognosy appears again in 1815 in a small work by Chr. Aenotheus Seydler entitled Analecta Pharmacognostica.

Pharmacognosy is closely related to botany and plant chemistry and, indeed, both originated from the earlier scientific studies on medicinal plants.

A Textbook of Pharmacognosy PDF free Download by S. B. Gokhale, C. K. Kokate, A. P. Purohit

As late as the beginning of the 20th century, the subject had developed mainly on the botanical side, being concerned with the description and identification of drugs, both in the whole state and in powder, and with their history, commerce, collection, preparation and storage.

CONTENTS

Part 1 - History, Definition and Scope of Pharmacognosy
Part 2 - Drugs and Pharmaceutical Aids of Natural Origin
Part 3 - Classification of Natural Drugs
Part 4 - Introduction to A parts of plants
Part 5 - Scheme of Pharmacognostic Studies
Part 6 - Collection and Preparation of Natural Drugs for Market
Part 7 - adulteration, drug evaluation and significance of pharmacopeial standard.
Part 8 - Chemical Nature of Natural Drugs
Part 9 - Pharmacological Grouping of Natural Drugs
Part 10 - Surgical Fibres, Sutures and Surgical Dressings

1. Definition, history and scope of Pharmacogonosy including indigenous system of medicine.
2. Various systems of classification of drugs and natural origin.
3. Adulteration and drug evaluation; significance of pharmacopoeial standards.
4. Brief outline of occurrence, distribution, outline of isolation, identification tests, therapeutic
effects and pharmaceutical application of alkaloids, terpenoids, glycosides, volatile oils, tannins
and resins.
5. Occurrence, distribution, organoleptic evaluation, chemical constituents including tests wherever
applicable and therapeutic efficacy of following categories of drugs.
(a) Laxatives- Aloes, Rhubarb, Castor oil, Ispaghula, Senna.
(b) Cardiotonics- Digitalis, Arjuna.
(c) Carminatives & G.I. regulators- Umbelliferous fruits, Coriander, Fennel, Ajowan, Cardamom,
Ginger, Black pepper , Asafoetida, Nutmeg, Cinnamon, Clove.
(d) Astringents- Catecheu.
(e) Drugs acting on nervous system- Hyoscyamus, Belladonna, Aconite, Ashwagandha, Ephedra,
Opium, Cannabis, Nux -vominca.
(f) Antihypertensive- Rauwolfia.
(g) Antitussives- Vasaka, Tolu balsam, Tulsi.
(h) Antirheumatics- Guggal, Colchicum.
(i) Antitumour- Vinca.
(j) Antileprotics- Chaulmoogra oil.
(k) Antidiabetics- Pterocarpus, Gymnema sylvestro.
(l) Diuretics- Gokhru, Punarnava.
(m) Antidysenterics- Ipecacuanha.
(n) Antiseptics and disinfectants- Benzoin, Myrrh, Neem, Curcuma.
(o) Antimalarials- Cinchona.
(p) Oxytocics- Ergot.
(q) Vitamins- Shark liver oil and Amla.
(r) Enzymes- Papaya, Diastase, Yeast.
(s) Perfumes and flavoring agents- peppermint oil, Lemon oil, Orange oil, lemon grass oil, sandal
wood.
Pharmaceutical aids-Honey, Arachis oil, starch, kaolin, pectin, olive oil. Lanolin, Beeswax, Acacia,
Tragacanth, sodium Alginate, Agar, Guar
gum, Gelatin.
Miscellaneous- Liquorice, Garlic, picrorhiza, Dirscorea, Linseed, shatavari, shankhpushpi, pyrethrum,
Tobacco.
Collection and preparation of crude drugs for the market as exemplified by Ergot, opium, Rauwalfia,
Digitalis, senna.
Study of source, preparation and identification of fibers used in sutures and surgical dressings-cotton ,silk,
wool and regenerated fibers.
Gross anatomical studies of-senna , Datura, cinnamon, cinchona, fennal, clove, Ginger, Nuxvomica &
ipecacuanha.